Fig. 7
From: Plasmodium co-infection protects against chikungunya virus-induced pathologies
Co-infection abrogates CD4 + T-cell migration into the joints. a CD4 + T-cell in vivo migration assay. b In vivo migration assay showing number of recovered CHIKV-infected donor pLN CD4 + T cells (pooled) in the joints of CHIKV-infected or CHIKV + PbA-infected recipients (all groups n = 5). Representative dot plots displaying recovered donor-cell gating in 10,000 CD45 + cells in the footpad. c Joint inflammation of CHIKV (no transfer controls), CHIKV donor transferred to CHIKV recipient, CHIKV + PbA (no transfer controls) and CHIKV donor transferred to CHIKV + PbA recipient (all groups n ≥ 5). d Concentration of MIP-1a, MIP-1b, RANTES and CXCL10 in the joint-footpad cell lysate of mock (n = 5), CHIKV (n = 5) and CHIKV + PbA (n = 6) at 6 dpi. e Joint inflammation and f viraemia of CHIKV + Rat IgG (n = 6), CHIKV + CXCR3Ab (n = 6), CHIKV + PbA + Rat IgG (n = 6) and CHIKV + PbA + CXCR3Ab (n = 8). g Joint vascular leakage for CHIKV + Rat IgG, CHIKV + CXCR3Ab, CHIKV + PbA + Rat IgG and CHIKV + PbA + CXCR3Ab (all groups n ≥ 6). Joint vascular leakage was determined by Evan’s blue assay. All data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney two-tailed test (ns; not significant, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01). Each data point in the dot plot corresponds one mouse. Data represent the means ± SD. Abbbreviations: CHIKV, Chikungunya virus; dpi, days post infection; ns, not significant; PbA, Plasmodium berghei-ANKA
