Fig. 1
Tectonic framework of the Tibetan plateau. Four main suites of post-collisional magmatic rocks are shown with different color: 1 (green) = Eocene to Oligocene potassic rocks; 2 (yellow) = Late Oligocene to Mid-Miocene rocks; 3 (blue) = Himalayan leucogranites; 4 (red) = Mid-Miocene to Quaternary potassic rocks21,49,65 The dark and light gray areas in southern Tibet denote Gangdese granitoids and Paleogene Linzizong volcanic rocks, respectively49. The thick purple dashed line delineates the zone of poor Sn propagation5,12,13,14. The thick blue dashed line represents the northern boundary of the Indian lithosphere at 200 km depth5. Profiles AA′ and BB′ are locations of schematic cross-sections illustrated in Fig. 6, representing the lithospheric structure of the western and central–eastern Himalayan–Tibetan orogen. Gray lines mark the major fault traces and suture zones. MBT Main Boundary Thrust, ITS Indus–Tsangpo suture, BNS Bangong–Nujiang suture, JS Jinsha suture, AKMS Anyimaqen–Kunlun–Muztagh suture, SQS South Qilian suture, NQS North Qilian suture, KF Karakoram fault, ALT Altyn Tagh fault. The Generic Mapping Tools66 was used to create the topographic map, with the topography data from ETOPO1 Global Relief Model (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html). In addition, the software CorelDRAW was further used to draw all the other elements in the figure
