Fig. 1

Divergent prebiotic nucleotides synthesis. Red arrows: Previous work; a prebiotic pathway to cytidine-2′,3′-cyclic phosphate (1C), uridine-2′,3′-cyclic phosphate (1U), 8-oxo-adenosine-2′,3′-cyclic phosphate (2A) and 8-oxo-inosine-2′,3′-cyclic phosphate (2I)16,22. Dashed arrow: Hydrolysis of 8,2′-anhydropurines (3A, 3I and 3G) is not observed, which provides chemical differentiation from 2,2′-anhydropyrimidine (3C) that readily hydrolyses to β-arabino-adenosine (ara-4C). Blue arrows: This work; a prebiotic pathway to β-arabino-cytidine (ara-4C), β-arabino-uridine (ara-4U), β-arabino-adenosine (ara-4A), β-arabino-inosine (ara-4I) and β-arabino-guanosine (ara-4G)