Fig. 1
From: Sex and species specific hearing mechanisms in mosquito flagellar ears
Transducer-based amplification in mosquito ears. a Experimental paradigm of laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) recordings (left) and transducer sketch of mosquito flagellum (right), with the laser beam focussed on the flagellum—black arrows represent movement in the plane of the laser beam, grey arrows represent potential flagellar motion in other planes. In-figure legend describes individual components of sketch (adapted from ref. 22). b Power spectral densities (PSDs) from harmonic oscillator fits to free fluctuations of female and male flagella (Ae. aegypti (AEG), Cx. quinquefasciatus (QUI), and An. gambiae (GAM)) in three separate states: active, passive and pymetrozine exposed. Prominent solid lines represent fits created from median parameter values (i.e. median values for a specific group), while shaded lines represent damped harmonic oscillator fits for individual mosquitoes. c Box-and-whisker plots for calculated power gains for flagellar receivers of females and males— significant differences (ANOVA on ranks, p < 0.05) between conspecific female and male mosquitoes are starred. Centre line, median; box limits, lower and upper quartiles; whiskers, 5th and 95th percentiles. Sample sizes: Ae. aegypti females = 35; Ae. aegypti males = 29; Cx. quinquefasciatus females = 28; Cx. quinquefasciatus males = 31; An. gambiae females = 33; An. gambiae males = 24. d Displacement gain values estimated using white noise (WN, intensity-dependent displacement gain, top) or pure tone (PT, frequency-dependent displacement gain, bottom) stimulation for female and male Ae. aegypti (AEG), Cx. quinquefasciatus (QUI) and An. gambiae (GAM), with significant differences between conspecific females and males starred (Mann–Whitney rank-sum tests, p < 0.05). Centre line, median; box limits, lower and upper quartiles; whiskers, 5th and 95th percentiles. Sample sizes (WN/PT): Ae. aegypti females = 7/8; Ae. aegypti males = 7/10; Cx. quinquefasciatus females = 13/8; Cx. quinquefasciatus males = 13/8; An. gambiae females = 9/7; An. gambiae males = 7/7
