Fig. 4
From: Sex and species specific hearing mechanisms in mosquito flagellar ears
Disrupting the afferent/efferent control loop produces large self-sustained oscillations (SOs) in males. a (Left) Unstimulated flagellar displacements and corresponding antennal nerve responses before and after the onset of spontaneous SOs for an An. gambiae (GAM) male. (Right) Unstimulated flagellar displacements following ringer, TeNT and pymetrozine injection for an Ae. aegypti (AEG) male. See Supplementary Table 2 for comparisons between spontaneous and induced SOs. b Power spectral densities (PSDs) from harmonic oscillator fits to free receiver fluctuations of female and male Ae. aegypti (AEG), Cx. quinquefasciatus (QUI) and An. gambiae (GAM) flagella in three separate states: after Ringer injection, after TTX injection and after TeNT injection. Prominent solid lines represent fits created from median parameter values (i.e. median values from a population), whilst shaded lines represent damped harmonic oscillator fits for individual mosquitoes. c Power gain estimates for female (left) and male (right) Ae. aegypti (AEG), Cx. quinquefasciatus (QUI) and An. gambiae (GAM) after Ringer injection, TTX injection, TeNT injection or pymetrozine (PYM) injection. Significant differences between injection states within a population are starred (repeated-measures ANOVA on ranks; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). Centre line, median; box limits, lower and upper quartiles; whiskers, 5th and 95th percentiles. Sample sizes (after Ringer/after TTX/after TeNT/after pymetrozine): Ae. aegypti females = 21/10/11/21; Ae. aegypti males = 21/10/11/21; Cx. quinquefasciatus females = 29/14/15/29; Cx. quinquefasciatus males = 29/15/14/29; An. gambiae females = 24/12/12/24; An. gambiae males = 15/7/8/15
