Fig. 3

Curvotaxis allows adherent cells to avoid convex hills during their migration. a, b, g, h Cells labeled with cell tracker adhering on S3/30 (a) or S10/100 (g) surfaces and the distribution of their nuclei according to surface topography at the indicated time points (b and h). Nuclei are highlighted in red. c Tracking of nuclei on a S3/30 surface. Arrowheads indicate movement direction. d Tracking of a single nucleus over the same period. Positions are highlighted in red. e Average speed of nuclei according to surface height. f, q Tracking of cells and nuclei barycenters of cells moving on sinusoidal substrates. i, j Cell tracking at early (30 min–4 h 30 min) or late stages (16–20 h) of the interaction with the surface (*dodging event, **stopping event, ***migration through cols). k Distance between nuclei and surface minima over time, at early or late stages of the interaction. l Apparent nuclear size of cells adhering on S10/100 at the indicated time points. m–p Cells stained for DNA and actin on a S10/100 surface (m) and the height distribution of corresponding signal intensities (n), nuclei positions (o), and density of nuclei on flat, concave, or convex curvatures (p). Error bars in b, h, and o represent the standard error of the mean of three independent experiments. Error bars in e and i represent the standard deviation from the mean. The total number of cells is indicated for each condition. Scale bars: 100 µm