Table 1 Enabling conditions variables analyzed and their relationships with IWS
From: Global state and potential scope of investments in watershed services for large cities
Count | Predictor Variable (using available data to represent enabling conditions) | Global Cities | Non-USA Cities | Enabling Condition (based on theory) | Enabling Condition Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Average Annual Growth | ~ | + | Economic growth | Economic |
2 | Average Distance | − | Resource location and arrangement | Biophysical | |
Proximity of actors to each other | Sociocultural | ||||
3 | Average Elevation | − | − | Resource location and arrangement | Biophysical |
4 | Average Governance Indicators | ~ | Strong existing institutions | Governance | |
5 | City Population | − | − | Large/small number of actors | Sociocultural |
6 | Conservation Spending | − | − | Strong capacity among actors | Governance |
7 | Enforcing Contracts Indicator | ~ | ~ | Manageable transaction costs | Economic |
Pre-existing market-based culture | Sociocultural | ||||
8 | IUCN Organizations Per Million People | + | Presence/absence of Intermediaries | Governance | |
Strong capacity among actors | Governance | ||||
Influential champion | Governance | ||||
9 | National GDP per capita | + | Economic growth | Economic | |
10 | Percent Agriculture Cover | + | + | Clear threat or risk to ES provision | Biophysical |
11 | Percent Forest Cover | − | Clear threat or risk to ES provision | Biophysical | |
12 | Percent Protected Area | − | − | Secure land tenure and property type | Governance |
13 | Registering Property | + | + | Secure land tenure and property type | Governance |
Pre-existing market-based culture | Sociocultural | ||||
14 | Total Diversion Volume | Small resource area | Biophysical | ||
15 | Watershed Area | + | Small resource area | Biophysical | |
16 | Watershed Population Density | Large/small number of actors | Sociocultural | ||
17 | Weighted Drought Vulnerability Index | − | Resource location and arrangement | Biophysical |
