Fig. 1

RYGB surgery effectively prevents the occurrence of pancreatic ACC. a Schematic diagram illustrating the generation of Ngn3-Tsc1−/− (KO) transgenic mice. b Tsc1, phospho-mTOR, and mTOR in pancreatic tissue of Ngn3-Tsc1−/− (KO) transgenic mice were examined by western blotting using specific antibodies. β-actin was used as loading control. n = 10, 6, 5 for WT sham, Ngn3-Tsc1−/−(KO) sham, Ngn3-Tsc1−/−(KO) RYGB, respectively. c Tumor incidence and survival rate of WT sham group, Ngn3-Tsc1−/−(KO) sham group, and Ngn3-Tsc1−/−(KO) RYGB group of male mice. Statistical differences were analyzed by log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. n = 9, 5, 5 for WT sham, Ngn3-Tsc1−/−(KO) sham, Ngn3-Tsc1−/−(KO) RYGB respectively. *P < 0.05 vs. Ngn3-Tsc1−/−(KO) RYGB. d Tumor incidence and survival rate of WT sham group, Ngn3-Tsc1−/−(KO) sham group, and Ngn3-Tsc1−/−(KO) RYGB group of female mice. Statistical differences were analyzed by log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. n = 8, 5, 4 for WT sham, Ngn3-Tsc1−/−(KO) sham, Ngn3-Tsc1−/−(KO) RYGB, respectively. *P < 0.05 vs. Ngn3-Tsc1−/−(KO) RYGB. e Schematic diagram illustrating sham (left) and RYGB (right) surgery. f Gross and histological morphology of normal pancreatic tissue and pancreatic ACC