Fig. 2

NUAK1 is haploinsufficient for axon development. a–c Representative neurons imaged after 5DIV in WT, HET, and KO animals. Neuron morphology was visualized through mVenus expression. Red star (*) points to branch position. d, f Representative kymographs of axons in WT, HET, and KO neurons at 5DIV. Mitochondria were visualized through expression of mito-DsRed. Blue bar (vertical): 5 min. Blue bar (horizontal): 25 μm. g, i Quantifications showed a gradual reduction in axon length (g) and collateral branches (h, i) in HET and KO animals. Data represents min, max, median, 25^th, and 75^th percentile (g–i) or average ± SEM (j). N_WT = 127, N_HET = 232, N_KO = 203. Analysis: one way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post test. ns: p > 0.05, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. j Quantification of mitochondrial motility in the axon. Average ± SEM. N_WT = 12, N_HET = 9, N_KO = 13. Analysis: Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison. k–n Higher magnification of the ipsilateral (k–l) or contralateral side (m–n) of P21 WT or HET mice following in utero cortical electroporation of mVenus. Blue: Hoescht, Red: CUX1 immunostaining. Scale bar: 250 μm. o–p Quantification of normalized mVenus fluorescence in Layer 5 of the ipsilateral cortex (min, max, median, 25^th, and 75^th percentile) (o) and along a radial axis in the contralateral cortex (Average ± SEM) (p). N_WT = 6, N_HET = 5. Analysis: two-tailed unpaired T-test (o). ns: p > 0.05