Fig. 5
Stability study. Evolution of the PCE over time measured by maximum power point tracking of unsealed PSCs of aperture area of 0.16 cm2 under light soaking with full solar intensity at temperature between 55 and 60 °C. Cells were kept under a Ar atmosphere and b ambient air at approximately 20% humidity. PV metrics are summarized in Supplementary Tables 7–10. Cross-sectional SEM images of the c pristine and d SN-modulated perovskite films in completed PSC devices before (I) and after aging under light soaking with full solar intensity at temperature between 55 and 60 °C in Ar over 1000 h (II) and ambient air at ~20% humidity over 500 h (III)
