Fig. 5

Pouch cell test of lithium–sulfur batteries in carbonate-based electrolyte. a As-prepared C–S electrodes (before and after alucone coating) and an assembled pouch cell. b, c Discharge–charge profiles of assembled pouch cells under different test conditions. d, e Measured and simulated energy density of our work and reported lithium–sulfur coin cells in carbonate electrolyte. The reported energy density of Sion Power lithium–sulfur pouch cell in ether-based electrolyte is labeled as a reference59