Fig. 1

Establishment of NPC PDXs in immunodeficient mice. a Upper panels: Establishment of NPC PDXs (Xeno23, 32, 43, 47 and 76) was achieved by implantation of patient NPC tissues (white arrows) under kidney capsules in NOD/SCID mice. Lower panels: Growth of PDXs observed in the same mice at 138, 91, 122, 126 and 176 days respectively after implantation. b The growth of NPC PDXs (Xeno23, 32, 47 and 76) was observed in NOD/SCID mice at 118, 111, 55 and 107 days after subcutaneous implantation. c H&E, immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and EBER ISH were performed in consecutive sections of all five NPC PDXs. The results of H&E staining confirmed that the PDXs were undifferentiated NPC. The epithelial nature of these PDXs and the presence of EBV were confirmed by the expression of keratin and EBER, respectively. Scale bar, 100 μm. d The presence of desmosomes and different abundance of tonofilaments in four PDXs (Xeno23, 32, 47 and 76) as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, confirming the epithelial origin of the tumor cells. Scale bars: 1 μm (yellow); 200 nm (blue)