Fig. 1

Clustering analysis using the probe-sets identified in CSS1 and CSS3. Clustering analysis was performed using Ward’s method on Euclidian distance. Rows represent the CpG probes, and columns represent the subjects. The color scale from dark blue to dark red represents the range of the methylation levels (beta values) between 0 and 1. The top pane represents the overall status of the condition, i.e., CSS/NCBRS vs. non-CSS/NCBRS. The lower pane indicates the subtype for every sample including CSS1 (dark blue), CSS3 (dark green), CSS4 (orange), NCBRS (light green), and controls (yellow). a Hierarchical clustering of 146 probes differentially methylated between patients with CSS1 and controls generates two clusters: one composed of all CSS and NCBRS patients (CSS1, CSS3, CSS4, and NCBRS), and the other composed of controls and other non-CSS/NCBRS samples. b A similar pattern is observed using the 135 probes that were specifically identified for the CSS3 samples; however, patients other than CSS3 (CSS1, CSS4, and NCBRS) show a less pronounced pattern of methylation change, although still being a member of the same CSS3 cluster