Fig. 4
The underlying mechanism of voltage control of waveguide behavior. a The exciton transferring in the molecular orbital energy scheme of an aggregated polymer system (M1, …, Mx, …, Mn) under photo excitation and no external voltage. b The (hole) charge hopping process driven by external voltage in the polymer without photoexcitation. c The time scale of normal exciton transfer and charge hop processes. d The resonant-energy transferring of photo generated excitons is suppressed by the mismatch of energy gap in Mx induced by hole trapping due to external voltage control
