Fig. 1
From: Fluorine-free water-in-ionomer electrolytes for sustainable lithium-ion batteries

Mechanical and electrochemical properties of the electrolytes. a Appearance of LiPAA aqueous electrolytes 7 s and 50 min after flipping the flasks. b Storage and loss moduli of the gel electrolytes (from 30 wt% to 70 wt% LiPAA). c Arrhenius plot of the conductivities of the electrolytes. d Electrochemical stability window with Pt as the working electrode, scan rate: 0.1 mV s−1