Fig. 4
From: Formation of electron radiation belts at Saturn by Z-mode wave acceleration
Local electron acceleration due to Z-mode and O-mode waves with no radial diffusion included. The differential electron flux at an L-shell of 3 and pitch angle of 45° is shown evolving from the initial condition (darker blue line) through yellow to finally red lines (lines are separated by 7 days). The broad red band shows the range of possible fluxes after 365 days due to uncertainties in the starting condition. For comparison the SATRAD empirical model of electron flux is shown as the black line with a region of uncertainty shown in gray in each panel. a Z-mode waves. b O-mode waves
