Fig. 2

Horizontal velocity, sound and color are remarkably synchronized, occurring within 300 ms. a Box-and-whisker plot of measured and estimated times for various parts of the diving behavior: mean time of maximal estimated speed, mean time of maximal Y (vertical) and X (horizontal) velocity, mean times of tail-generated sonation onset and cessation, mean times of gorget visibility, mean time of maximal estimated luminance of the gorget, mean time of maximal estimated female LWS stimulation, mean time of maximal color shift, and the mean time of maximal female visual angle taken up by the male. N = 17 (17 bouts of diving containing 48 dives) for all measures, dotted lines indicate −230 ms, 0 s, and 70 ms. For each measure, box tails indicate 25th and 75th percentiles, and the central line indicates the median. b Mean estimated Doppler effect. Shaded area indicates one standard deviation (N = 17). Also plotted with transparency is estimated Doppler effect for individual dives. c Estimated female relative cone stimulation during the dive. Red: longwave-sensitive (LWS) cone stimulation. Green: mediumwave-sensitive cone stimulation. Blue: shortwave-sensitive cone stimulation. Magenta: ultraviolet-sensitive cone stimulation. Black: double cone stimulation. d Averaged sonograms of 30 dives, with minor contrast enhancement to highlight the darkening due to the low frequencies of tail-generated sonations. e Representative sonogram from one dive; colored bars correspond to sections in Fig. 1a and b. All values are temporally aligned such that the time of maximal visual angle, i.e., the nadir of the dive, is 0