Fig. 2
Maternal and neonatal gut microbiome functional profiles. a Heatmap of relative abundance of gut microbial orthologous gene groups with significant differential abundances in neonates born by vaginal delivery (VD) compared to either caesarean section delivery (CSD) or CSD with small for gestational age (SGA) status (CSD + SGA) groups and having the same direction of log2 fold change (calculated with the R package DESeq233 ; false-discovery-rate (FDR)-adjusted P < 0.05). Colour key indicates row-wise z-scores. The six significantly enriched pathways are indicated (FDR-adjusted P < 0.05). b Spearman correlation coefficients of functional profiles of neonatal and maternal gut microbiomes in VD and CSD (±SGA) neonates. c Cumulative relative abundance of enriched pathways indicated in a for VD and CSD (±SGA) groups. b, c Comparison by Wilcoxon rank-sum test for two-group comparisons with multiple testing adjustment; *FDR-adjusted P < 0.05, **FDR-adjusted P < 0.01, ***FDR-adjusted P < 0.001; Boxplots: centre line – median, bounds – first and third quartile, whiskers <= 1.5 × interquartile range
