Fig. 6

The proposed model of antifungal applications of TPP+-conjugates. Cdr substrates with potential antifungal activities are chemically conjugated with TPP+. The TPP+-conjugates regain the ability to kill C. albicans wild-type or resistant strains and even can eradicate highly drug-resistant biofilms. The TPP+-conjugates bypass active expulsion by efflux pumps and accumulate in the mitochondria to exert fungicidal activity by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction