Table 1 Functional and structural outcome measures in nAMD patients treated with spironolactone

From: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism limits experimental choroidal neovascularization and structural changes associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration

 

Month 0

Month 1

Month 2

Month 3

Month 4

Month 5

Month 6

Intake of spironolactone before presentation

-

50 mg

50 mg

50 mg

25 mg

-

-

New prescription of spironolactone

25 mg/50 mg

50 mg

50 mg

25 mg

0 mg

0 mg

End of study

Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections

Monthly

Monthly

Monthly

Monthly

Monthly

Monthly

Monthly

Mean maximum retinal thickness [ILM to Bruch’s membrane (µm)]

539 ± 134

523 ± 153

(p = 0.10)

517 ± 148

(p = 0.08)

484 ± 154

(p = 0.042*)

487 ± 151

(p = 0.056)

500 ± 153

(p = 0.15)

503 ± 158

(p = 0.20)

Mean best-corrected visual acuity (ETDRS letters ± SD)

72.8 ± 12.2

72.5 ± 12.4

(p = 0.96)

72.0 ± 13.8

(p = 0.72)

70.8 ± 13.8

(p = 0.48)

71.4 ± 13.2

(p = 0.68)

73.0 ± 9.8

(p = 0.46)

72.0 ± 11.6

(p = 0.96)

Mean central retinal thickness [automatic values from SD-OCT (µm) ± SD]

340 ± 65

332 ± 84

(p = 0.38)

326 ± 86

(p = 0.32)

311 ± 81

(p = 0.011*)

307 ± 84

(p = 0.007*)

312 ± 87

(p = 0.028*)

322 ± 89

(p = 0.18)

Mean central retinal volume [automatic values from SD-OCT (mm3) ± SD]

0.268 ± 0.052

0.263 ± 0.066

(p = 0.48)

0.255 ± 0.069

(p = 0.28)

0.244 ± 0.064

(p = 0.012*)

0.242 ± 0.066

(p = 0.010*)

0.245 ± 0.068

(p = 0.032*)

0.252 ± 0.070

(p = 0.18)

Mean foveal retinal thickness [ILM to RPE (µm)]

407 ± 161

384 ± 164

(p = 0.063]

377 ± 152

(p = 0.039*)

344 ± 148

(p = 0.039*)

345 ± 151

(p = 0.049*)

354 ± 159

(p = 0.088)

355 ± 162

(p = 0.099)

Mean of the maximum neuroretinal thickness with cystic changes [ILM to outer segments of photoreceptors (µm)]

329 ± 172

308 ± 166

(p = 0.16)

295 ± 160

(p = 0.041*)

288 ± 155

(p = 0.040*)

293 ± 160

(p = 0.010)

304 ± 169

(p = 0.19)

300 ± 164

(p = 0.17)

Mean subretinal fluid thickness [between outer segment layer and pigment epithelium (µm)]

107 ± 74

86 ± 78

(p = 0.012*)

74 ± 58

(p = 0.040*)

58 ± 61

(p = 0.014*)

70 ± 63

(p = 0.024*)

87 ± 80

(p = 0.33)

90 ± 75

(p = 0.29)

Mean pigment epithelium detachment height [(RPE layer to Bruch’s membrane (µm)]

266 ± 139

266 ± 144

(p = 0.93)

266 ± 146

(p = 0.87)

244 ± 153

(p = 0.27)

245 ± 160

(p = 0.34)

248 ± 159

(p = 0.40)

254 ± 160

(p = 0.54)

Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness [(µm) measured using EDI OCT]

202 ± 87

207 ± 95

(p = 0.33)

203 ± 97

(p  = 0.70)

203 ± 92

(p = 0.67)

205 ± 91

(p = 0.58)

203 ± 95

(p = 0.69)

204 ± 94

(p = 0.69)

  1. Patients received spironolactone as add-on treatment to monthly anti-VEGF injections
  2. SD standard deviation, ILM internal limiting membrane, RPE retinal pigment epithelium, EDI enhanced depth imaging, OCT optical coherence tomography, SD-OCT spectral domain OCT, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  3. All p-values are calculated by comparisons with baseline values using paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. *, p < 0.05
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