Table 1 Details of sign tests used to analyze data in Fig. 5

From: Avian UV vision enhances leaf surface contrasts in forest environments

Null hypotheses tested

Deciduous (N = 95) sign statistic, P-value

Wet schlerophyll (N = 109) sign statistic, P-value

Rainforest (N = 161) sign statistic, P-value

U-contrast−S(U)-contrast = 0

83, <0.0001

94, <0.0001

116, <0.0001

V-contrast−S(V)-contrast = 0

92, <0.0001

109, <0.0001

153, <0.0001

U-contrast−M-contrast = 0

94, <0.0001

109, <0.0001

160, <0.0001

V-contrast−M-contrast = 0

94, <0.0001

109, <0.0001

160, <0.0001

U-contrast−L-contrast = 0

94, <0.0001

109, <0.0001

156, <0.0001

V-contrast−L-contrast = 0

95, <0.0001

109, <0.0001

158, <0.0001

LMSU−LMS = 0

95, <0.0001

109, <0.0001

161, <0.0001

MSU−LMS = 0

90, <0.0001

109, <0.0001

148, <0.0001

MSU−LSU = 0

77, <0.0001

93, <0.0001

144, <0.0001

LMU−LMS = 0

84, <0.0001

94, <0.0001

117, <0.0001

LMU−LSU = 0

89, <0.0001

109, <0.0001

145, <0.0001

MU−LM = 0

95, <0.0001

109, <0.0001

157, <0.0001

MU−LS = 0

90, <0.0001

109, <0.0001

146, <0.0001

MU−MS = 0

84, <0.0001

94, <0.0001

117, <0.0001

MU−LU = 0

77, <0.0001

93, <0.0001

142, <0.0001

MU−SU = 0

92, <0.0001

109, <0.0001

155, <0.0001

  1. The sign statistic indicates the number of times the difference in leaf-contrast seen by different channels or combinations of channels (shown in the null hypotheses tested column) was greater than zero