Fig. 5

Enhanced protection from Salmonella infection by vaccination with S.Tm^pApyr. Wild-type mice were gavaged with PBS (CTRL) or vaccinated with S.Tm^pBAD28 and S.Tm^pApyr. Streptomycin (Sm) pretreated mice were infected with S.Tm^WT and analysed 24 h and 48 h later. a Representative H&E sections of the cecum at 24 h post infection and statistical analysis of histopathological scores. Star: submucosal edema; white arrow: neutrophils aggregates; black arrow: epithelial defects; arrowhead: goblet cells. Scale bar: 50 μm. b Fecal Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) quantification 24 h post infection with S.Tm^WT. c Pathogen loads (CFU) in PPs and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) 24 h (left panels) and 48 h (right panels) after infection. d Intestinal permeability to FITC-dextran 24 h after infection with S.Tm^WT in mice gavaged with PBS or vaccinated with S.Tm^pBAD28 or S.Tm^pApyr. Serum levels of 70-kDa FITC-dextran were assessed 4 h after gavage. e Pathogen loads (CFU) in spleen and liver 24 h (left panels) and 48 h (right panels) after infection. The boxplots show median and upper and lower quartiles. The extreme lines show the highest and lowest value . The boxplot is overlaid with the visualization of single observations. Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s post-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. One representative experiment out of three is shown