Fig. 1

Enhanced engraftment of adult healthy bone marrow (BM)-derived CD34⁺ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in human cytokine-knockin MISTRG mice. a Universal experimental setup. Human BM-derived CD34⁺ HSPCs were pre-incubated with anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3) and injected intrahepatically into newborn (D2–3) NSG or MISTRG mice conditioned with the respective maximum tolerated irradiation doses (NSG 100 cGy, MISTRG 2 × 150 cGy). Mice were analyzed 10–17 (healthy BM), 13–30 (myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)), and 9−24 (acute myeloid leukemia (AML)) weeks post transplantation. b, c Comparison of overall human CD45⁺ engraftment in peripheral blood (PB) and BM in NSG versus MISTRG mice. Individual mice are represented by symbols. d Relative distribution of myeloid CD33⁺ (red), B-lymphoid CD19⁺ (blue), and T-lymphoid CD3⁺ (gray) cells as % of human CD45⁺ cells in NSG vs. MISTRG mice. e BM histology of representative NSG and MISTRG mice from (d). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains for huCD45, huCD15, huCD68 in NSG (top) and MISTRG BM (bottom row) (scale bars 10 µm, original magnification 60×). f, g Comparison of erythroid and megakaryocytic lineage engraftment in BM of NSG and MISTRG mice. h BM histology of representative NSG and MISTRG mice from (d). H&E and IHC stains for huCD235 and huCD61 as in (e). For detailed sample information see Supplementary Table 1. In (c, d, e, f, g) data are represented as means ± S.E.M.; Mann–Whitney test: n.s. not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01