Fig. 2

Influence of intercalated species on the MXene resistance and dR/dT. a TGA-MS of Ti₃CNT_x showing the loss of H₂O intercalants and –OH termination species. b In situ EELS of the normalized O K-edge of Ti₃CNT_x indicating the loss of H₂O intercalants with annealing. c Ex situ XRD of the Ti₃CNT_x (002) peak for an as-prepared thick sample, i.e., vacuum filtered and free-standing, as well as thick samples annealed at 150 °C (in vacuum) and 400 °C (in Ar). The peak shift to higher 2θ values represents a decrease in the inter-layer spacing. The dashed vertical line represents the approximate position of the Ti₃C₂T_x (002) peak after annealing at 150 °C, taken from ref. ⁶. d Temperature-dependent PPMS resistance measurements of a thick as-prepared (intercalated) Ti₃CNT_x sample and the de-intercalated sample annealed to 700 °C within the TEM. R_RT is the room temperature resistance. e TGA-MS of Mo₂TiC₂T_x showing the loss of H₂O intercalants and the decomposition of TBA⁺ intercalants. f Temperature-dependent PPMS resistance measurements of a thick as-prepared (intercalated) Mo₂TiC₂T_x sample and the de-intercalated sample annealed to 775 °C within the TEM. The as-prepared data is taken from ref. ³⁸. g Schematic of intercalants’ influence on conduction through multi-flake Mo₂TiC₂T_x