Fig. 4

Electron microscopy analysis shows the typical MMAF phenotypes in KO mice. a The MMAF phenotypes in Qrich2-deficient mice by SEM (scale bars, 5 µm). The WT mice showed a normal flagellum, whereas the KO mice had short, coiled, or absent flagella. b numerous defects in the sperm flagellar ultrastructures in the KO mice. The cross-section of flagella from KO mice presents disorganized arrangement of CP and ODF, and incomplete OD in the mid-piece. And the absence of OD and ODF were observed in the principal piece. (scale bars, 150 nm),