Fig. 3

Characterization of the generation of 1O2. a Time-dependent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals of 1O2 from SCNGs in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP). TEMP was served as a 1O2 trapper. b Fluorescence spectra of the singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) with SCNGs in PBS buffer (20 mM, pH 6.8). c Time-dependent fluorescence spectra of SOSG with free CPO and SCNGs in PBS buffer (20 mM, pH 6.8). a.u., arbitrary units. d Three dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy (3D-CLSM) images of living HepG2 cells after co-incubation with SCNGs at 300 μg mL-1 for 2 h and treated with SOSG probe (5 µM) from 0 min to 30 min. Scale bar, X-axis: 140 μm, Y-axis: 140 μm, Z-axis: 12 μm. e The corresponding CLSM photomicrograph with YZ (cells on the red line) and XZ (cells on the orange line) planes of living HepG2 cells and cells after co-incubation with NGs and SCNGs at 300 μg mL-1 for 2 h and treated with SOSG probe (5 µM) at 18 min. Scale bar, 20 μm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file