Fig. 1

The rhodamine library via nucleophilic condensation of a dilithium reagent 1 with various substrates. a The general synthetic pathway. Structures of rhodamine dyes with b phenyl groups at C-9 (RD1-RD24); c polyaromatic or heteroaryl groups at C-9 (RD25-RD41); d alkenyl groups at C-9 (RD42-RD47); e alkyl groups at C-9 (RD48-RD59); f bioactive molecules at C-9 (RD60-RD69) and g oxazine (RD70). Most of the rhodamine dyes are in their chloride salt form