Fig. 6

Hydra Sp5 acts as a transcriptional activator and repressor. a Schematic representation of the workflow used for the analysis of the ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data in this study. Putative target genes were identified based on the identification of Sp5 bound elements using ChIPenrich. The consensus motifs enriched in Sp5 bound elements were identified using the MEME ChIP suite tool. Differential expression analysis was performed on RNA-seq samples to identify up- and downregulated genes. Those associated to an Sp5 bound element were considered as direct Sp5 up- or downregulated targets. b Bar graph representing the genomic coverage of HySp5 and ZfSp5a genome wide or in the promoters of Ensembl genes (defined as the 5 kb upstream of the gene TSS). Only autosomal chromosomes were used for this study. ZfSp5a coverages are considerably higher than those of HySp5. However, within gene promoters this difference is proportionally lower. c Venn diagram representing the number of genes assigned to HySp5 or ZfSp5a bound elements. Note the considerable overlap between HySp5 and ZfSp5a data sets. d Bar plot representing the percentage of Sp5 bound elements at different distances from the assigned gene TSS for HySp5 (blue) or ZfSp5a (green). e Frequency distribution of the number of peaks associated to each gene and located in the promoter region (left), 10–100 kb upstream of gene TSS (middle) or at long genomic distances ( > 100 kb) from the gene body. f Enriched transcription factor consensus matrix identified in HySp5 and ZfSp5a bound elements. g Principal component analysis showing the segregation of RNA-seq samples across the two main principal components. h Heat map plots showing the z score value of genes significantly up- or downregulated (based on Wald test p < 0,05) in HySp5 or ZfSp5a transfected HEK293T cells compared to their respective control conditions (HySp5-ΔDBD or ZfSp5a-ΔDBD). i Venn diagrams showing the number of HySp5 and ZfSp5a direct transcriptional targets (see description in a) significantly up- or downregulated