Fig. 1

Microstructures of the as-cast EHEA and the hierarchical DPHL700. a Electron-backscatter-diffraction (EBSD) phase image of the as-cast EHEA. b, c Scanning-electron-microscope (SEM) image, high-magnification SEM image, and EBSD-phase image of the DPHL HEA. RD, rolling direction; TD, transverse direction. d Scanning TEM (STEM) image exhibiting a more detailed DPHL structure. e EDS maps of the identical region marked in d showing the distribution of Al, Ni, Co, Fe, and Cr. f Enlarged STEM image showing the distribution of P2 (the intergranular B2 phase, marked by blue arrows) and P1 (the intragranular B2 phase, marked by red arrow), and the corresponding SADPs and EDS composition profiles. g TEM image showing annealing twins. h Microstructural schematic sketch of the DPHL structure. AT, annealing twin. Scale bars, 20 µm in a, b, 2 µm in c, 1 µm in d–f and 500 nm in g