Fig. 5
From: Direct measurements of ice-shelf flexure caused by surface meltwater ponding and drainage
Vertical ice shelf deflection and stresses associated with the drainage of Ring Lake. a Vertical ice-shelf deflection (orange line), as a function of distance from lake centre, is computed by an exact analytic solution for thin elastic plate flexure above seawater, in response to the drainage of Ring lake (of volume 5.7 × 104 m3, equal to the calculated seasonal net meltwater budget within a 250 m radius of Ring lake GPS 1, Fig. 3a). This result shows the best match between the analytic solution and the measured deflection at Ring lake’s centre (i.e. GPS 1) and uses the following parameter values: R = 125 m, H = 10 m, and E = 1 GPa. The locations of GPSs 1, 2, and 3 (960 m from the lake centre) are indicated. The associated stresses (radial (red line), azimuthal (blue line), and von-Mises (green line) as a function of distance from lake centre), shown in b, are all evaluated at the upper ice-shelf surface
