Fig. 4

Grid cell firing patterns under visual gain decrease. a–d Three grid cells simultaneously recorded in a 60 × 60 cm square box (a), a 60 × 60 cm virtual square (b) and a probe trial where visual gain was reduced along the x axis (G = 2/3) plotted in visual coordinates (c) and motor coordinates (d), on the same day, layout as Fig. 3a–d, stretch factor F mapping visual plots to baseline shown in red. e, f Change of grid scales was significantly larger on the manipulated than un-manipulated axis when plotted in visual coordinates (e; n = 35, paired t-test, t(34) = -6.31, p < 0.001), with a smaller effect when plotted in motor coordinates (f; n = 35, t(34) = 3.00, p < 0.05). g, h Change of firing field size was significantly larger on the manipulated than un-manipulated axis when plotted in visual coordinates (g; n = 50 for all fields, t(49) = 3.96, p < 0.001; n = 32 for distal fields, t(31) = 2.11, p < 0.05) and even more strongly when plotted in motor coordinates (h; n = 50 for all fields, t(49) = 9.49, p < 0.001; n = 32 for distal fields, t(31) = 6.42, p < 0.001). i, j Distribution of motor influence score (MI) based on firing rate maps (i) or population vectors (j; see Methods or Fig. 1). k Median MI scores of non-remapped place and grid cell firing patterns (median (red line) = 0.26, interquartile range (IQR, q₁−q₃, blue box) = 0.58 for place cells, median = 0.63, IQR = 0.42 for grid cells, Wilcoxon rank sum test, z = −7.83, p < 0.001). l Mean of the median MI scores of simultaneously recorded place cell and grid cells per trial (0.34 ± 0.05 for place cells, 0.72 ± 0.05 for grid cells, t(15) = −5.66, p < 0.001, average difference of medians: 0.38 ± 0.07). m Median population vector MI scores between place cell and grid cell firing patterns (median = 0.11, IQR = 0.26 for place cells, median = 0.63, IQR = 0.24 for grid cells, Wilcoxon rank sum test, z = −5.17, p < 0.001; dashed lines cover q₁ − 1.5 × IQR to q₃ + 1.5 × IQR including all data points)