Fig. 3 | Nature Communications

Fig. 3

From: HIV-1 vaccination by needle-free oral injection induces strong mucosal immunity and protects against SHIV challenge

Fig. 3

Needle-free SL/B immunization generates strong mucosal antibody responses. a–c Anti-ADA gp120 IgG antibodies in rectal (a), vaginal (b), and salivary (c) secretions. d–f Anti-ADA gp120 IgA antibodies in rectal (d), vaginal (e), and salivary (f) secretions. Data represented as geomean ± SD specific activity for each group. Specific activity calculated as ng gp120-specific IgG or IgA antibody per μg total IgG or IgA isolated. Specific activity for individual animals is shown at the peak time point (wk 25); line indicates geomean. The shaded region in each graph indicates the specific activity cut-off value. g–h IgG specific activity against gp70-V1V2 (Clade B/Case A2) in rectal and vaginal secretions. a–h * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; Mann–Whitney test. White circle, topical SL/B (n = 4); blue square, needle-free SL/B (n = 5); gray triangle, ID/SC (n = 6)

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