Fig. 3

Different integrated assessment models lead to dramatically different interpretations of the socioeconomic scenarios considered here. Time series of projected fertilizer usage for the continental United States for the six scenarios based on a the LUH2 dataset and b the GCAM integrated assessment model. In the LUH2 dataset, the SSP4-3.4 and SSP4-6.0 marker scenarios were contributed by the GCAM model, while the SSP1-2.6 scenario was contributed by IMAGE model, the SSP2-4.5 scenario by the MESSAGE-GLOBIOM model, the SSP3-7.0 scenario by the AIM model, and the SSP5-8.5 scenario by the REMIND-MAGPIE model