Fig. 1
From: Ultrafast photonic micro-systems to manipulate hard X-rays at 300 picoseconds
Manipulation of hard X-ray pulses using a microelectromechanical-system (MEMS)-based oscillator. a Schematic of a rapidly oscillating single-crystal micromirror in a torsional MEMS device that diffracts monochromatic X-rays at its Bragg angle. b Static crystal rocking curve around Bragg angle θB with a full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of ΔθB, typically several milli-degrees. c Around the instance that the single-crystal element rotates through the Bragg angle, the crystal rocking curve converts to a temporally dispersed diffractive time window (DTW) with a FWHM of Δtw. d When the DTW width is much wider than the X-ray pulse, but narrower than the pulse-to-pulse spacing, the MEMS can be utilized as an ultrafast pulse-picking device. e When the DTW is narrower than the X-ray pulse, the device creates X-ray pulses shorter than the incident pulse width in a form of pulse slicing in the time domain. f Dispersion/streaking of the X-ray pulse is possible, when the MEMS DTW is close to the incoming pulse width. g In the dispersion/streaking mode using a position-sensitive detector (PSD), the oscillating MEMS converts the X-ray pulse in the time domain to a spatially dispersed signal that contains time-resolved, sub-pulse information
