Fig. 1
From: Effects of chloride ions in acid-catalyzed biomass dehydration reactions in polar aprotic solvents
Fructose conversion rate constant versus Cl− and GVL concentrations. a Fructose conversion rate constant values in 90% GVL/10% H2O with varying Cl− concentration using triflic acid (5 mM acid) and (b) ratio of fructose conversion rate constant values for fructose conversion into HMF for HCl and H2SO4 (equimolar catalyst concentrations) with varying GVL solvent concentration (mass fraction with H2O). Black dashed lines represent visual guides. Reaction conditions: fructose (50 mM); acid (Fig. 1a: 5 mM; Fig. 1b: 5 mM–0.5 M), 373 K; solvent (5 mL); stirring (700 rpm). Reaction rate constant values: r = kH+ [R] [H+]
