Fig. 5

Discussion of the mechanism. a The surface charge density of the OPD channel and the R-110 channel, and the dynamic changes of surface charge density from the OPD channel to the R-110 channel (±10% was used for describing the error bars). b The numerical simulation of ion concentration (total of K+ and Cl−) distribution in the channel (at −2 V, with 0.1 M KCl). OPD o-phenylenediamine