Fig. 4 | Nature Communications

Fig. 4

From: NASICON-type air-stable and all-climate cathode for sodium-ion batteries with low cost and high-power density

Fig. 4

Sodium-storage mechanism investigations. a In-situ synchrotron-based XRD patterns and b corresponding charge-discharge curves of NFPP-E electrode during the first cycle. c, d HRTEM images of fully charged and fully discharged NFPP-E electrodes. e Variations of a, b, and c lattice parameters during the charge/discharge process. f Volume change details during the charge/discharge process. g In-situ XANES spectra at the Fe K-edge of NFPP-E electrode (2D contour plot) as a function of charge-discharge curve. h Charge process and i discharge process of typical Fe K-edge XANES spectra. The insets in h and i are the corresponding pre-edge spectra. Scale bars: 5 nm (c); 5 nm (d)

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