Fig. 3
Adhesive properties of the NPs-P-PAA hydrogel. a The hydrogel was adhered to various material surfaces and tissues. b The hydrogel was repeatedly adhered on the skin of the author. After peeling off, no residue or irritation on skin was found. c The adhesive strength of various hydrogels to porcine skin. d The repeated adhesion of 0.03 NPs-P-PAA hydrogels to porcine skin after 30 cycles of adhering–stripping. e The adhesion mechanism of the NPs-P-PAA hydrogel. The blue oval indicated the hydrogen bonding or hydrophobic interaction between the hydrogel and different surfaces. (Error bar means the standard deviation, * indicates statistically difference at p < 0.05, p value was generated by one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's multiple‐comparison post hoc test, n = 4.) NPs, nanoparticles; P, pectin; PAA, polyacrylic acid
