Fig. 2
From: Mechanical stretch induces hair regeneration through the alternative activation of macrophages
WNT and BMP signaling pathways play crucial roles in regeneration. a–d Real-time PCR for WNT and BMP signals, including Wnt7b (a), Wnt10a (b), Lef1 (c), and Bmp2 (d) in response to stretch (day 1 and day 7) and release of stretch (day 9); n = 6 for each group. e Schematic of hair cycle activator and inhibitor in response to strain alteration. f Dual immunostaining for K15 and β-catenin revealed nuclear staining of β-catenin in hair follicles at day 9 and day 14 when stretch was released. Scale bar = 50 μm. g Dual immunostaining for K15 and phospho-Smad1/5 (pSmad1/5) revealed the nuclear staining of pSmad1/5 in hair stem cells at day 7 when skin was stretched (arrow). Scale bar = 50 μm. h, i Immunostaining (h) and confocal microscope (i) revealed co-localization of HSP47 and BMP-2 signals at day 7 when skin was stretched. Scale bar = 100 μm (h) or 10 μm (i). j, k Immunostaining (j) and confocal microscope (k) revealed co-localization of Perilipin-1 and BMP-2 signals at day 7 when skin was stretched. Scale bar = 100 μm (j) or 10 μm (k). Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test. Data are presented as means ± SEM. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. *Autofluorescence of hair shafts in g, h
