Fig. 1

Stimulus-driven and resting-state fMRI in non-human primates at 9.4 T. a Schematic diagram (modified from Hollis et al.⁵⁵) of imaging planes of the spinal cord. b Sagittal and (c) coronal views of the spinal cord in magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) images. Scale bar represents 3 mm. (d) MTC and (e) BOLD-sensitive axial images. Scale bar represents 1 mm. Red and green circles indicate dorsal and ventral horns, respectively. Yellow circles present intermediate gray matter of the spinal cord used as controls for later quantifications. f Group-averaged (N = 7 monkeys) BOLD signal changes in the four horns—dorsal horn (DH) and ventral horn (VH)—of the spinal cord and middle/intermediate gray matter regions (MR) that are ipsilateral (ipsi) and contralateral (contra) to the stimulus, as well as white matter (WM) control region. Shaded error bars represent standard error of mean. g Multirun activation map to D3 tactile stimulation thresholded at 0.6 of normalized percentage signal, with a peak value of 1. h Multirun resting-state connectivity patterns (thresholded at r > 0.25) of a seed from one representative monkey. D dorsal, V ventral, H head, T tail