Fig. 1

Mitochondria-specific polyprodrug for self-circulation drug release with ROS burst. Dual-targeting polyprodurg nanoreactors (DT-PNs) were fabricated from the co-assembly of cancer targeting polyprodrug amphiphiles, cRGD-PDMA-b-PCPTSM and mitochondria targeting ones, TPP-PDMA-b-PCPTSM. Upon cellular uptake by cancer cells, DT-PNs can specifically enter mitochondria, then low-level endogenous mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) can induce initial slight CPT release, which stimulates significant mtROS regeneration, thus further releasing much more CPT. Finally, the self-circulation of CPT Release and ROS burst results in highly oxidative stress, thus initiating mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis for enhanced cancer chemodynamic therapy