Fig. 4

HER durability of Pt1/hNCNC, Pt/hCNC and commercial Pt/C in 0.5 mol L−1 H2SO4. a Polarization curves before and after 5000 and 10000 CV scans between 0 and −0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). b, c HAADF-STEM images of Pt1/hNCNC (b) and Pt/hCNC (c) after 10000 cycles of CV scan. d, e Free energy of the hydrogen evolution and substrate hydrogenation for a Pt atom bonding with two py-N atoms (PtN2) or two carbon atoms (PtC2), respectively. The corresponding optimized structures are presented there