Fig. 2
From: Plasmonic IQ modulators with attojoule per bit electrical energy consumption
Results of the high-speed data modulation experiments. a BER as a function of the line rate for three devices, IQ1-3 (blue, red, and yellow). QPSK: circles, 16QAM: diamonds. Operation well below the KP4 FEC threshold for all QPSK measurements. Operation below the 7% HD-FEC threshold at 50 GBd 16QAM and the SD-FEC limit 100 GBd 16QAM. Measurements with BERs below 1 × 10−5 are grouped. b Constellation diagrams for 100 GBd 16QAM and QPSK
