Table 2 Device operation with sub-1 V driving electronics without driving amplifier

From: Plasmonic IQ modulators with attojoule per bit electrical energy consumption

 

(a) QPKS 100 GBd

(b) 16QAM 50 GBd

(c) QPSK 50 GBd

(d) QPSK 25 GBd

Line rate

200 Gbit s−1

200 Gbit s−1

100 Gbit s−1

50 Gbit s−1

Const diagr.

BER

1.4 × 10−3

2.0 × 10−2

2.0 × 10−4

2.0 × 10−3

U meas50Ω,pp

426 mV

567 mV

326 mV

145 mV

E bit

0.61 fJ bit−1

0.30 fJ bit−1

0.36 fJ bit−1

0.07 fJ bit−1

  1. Constellation diagrams and sub-fJ bit−1 electrical energy consumptions at (a) 100 GBd, (b, c) 50 GBd, and at (d) 25 GBd
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