Fig. 4

Measures of complexity applied to the evolution of a random initial state of the open and closed Hubbard model. The data is for N = 3 particles on M = 4 sites (dotted lines) and N = 4 particles on M = 4 sites with the first, second, and fourth sites being polarized along the x-direction and the third site along −x (solid lines). a The quantum mutual information between sites 1 and 3 that decreases quickly during the initial part of the evolution and is noticeably less for the open system case. b The average disparity Y between lattice sites growing with time for the open system dynamics and remaining approximately constant in the closed system. Other parameters as in Fig. 2