Fig. 4

In situ and operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) characterizations. a, b Co K-edge XANES of a np-Co0.85Se and b Pt/np-Co0.85Se from OCV to −0.2 V (vs. RHE) in 1.0 M PBS. c, d First-order derivatives of the XANES spectra of c np-Co0.85Se and d Pt/np-Co0.85Se. e, f FT-EXAFS spectra of e np-Co0.85Se and f Pt/np-Co0.85Se. g Schematic illustration of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) mechanism determined by in situ and operando XAS analysis of Pt/np-Co0.85Se in neutral media