Fig. 1
From: Promotion of growth factor signaling as a critical function of β-catenin during HCC progression
β-Catenin is restricted to the membrane until late-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). a Human HCC patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were stratified by HCC stage (I–III) and respective % of samples with one or more mutations in apc, axin1, and ctnnb1 (or none of the above) were graphed. b β-Catenin localization during HCC progression. A commercial array encompassing the different steps of the disease was stained for β-catenin. A score was attributed to each sample for the intensity of β-catenin expression at the membrane (y-axis), with corresponding p value between the groups of interest displayed on the top of the graph. Black circles represent samples with an absence of nuclear β-catenin. Red circles represent samples with nuclear β-catenin. The number of samples per stage is provided in the table below the graph. The percentage of patients who display nuclear β-catenin for each stage is displayed in red. The p value (=0.002; Tukey’s multiple comparisons test) at the bottom of the graph accounts for the difference in the frequency of nuclear β-catenin-positive patients in stage IV vs. earlier stages (stage III and earlier). c Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of human HCC tissue array for β-catenin. One representative image is displayed per stage. Scale bar = 50 μm. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01. n.s. not significant. See also Supplementary Fig. 1
