Fig. 8
Vitamin D3 prevents ILC2 conversion by dampening IL-23 signaling pathway. a Representative flow cytometric analysis of intracellular IL-5, IL-17A, TNF-α and IL-9 production by blood ILC2s after culture for 7 days with IL-2, IL-1β, IL-23, and TGF-β in the presence of VD3 or vehicle control. b Quantification of IL-17A and IL-9-producing cells after culture as in a (n = 3–13). c Quantification of concentration of IL-17A and IL-9 after culture as in a (n = 3). d Representative flow cytometric analysis of ILC2 proliferation after culture as in a. e Quantification of viability of ILC2s after culture as in a. f Expression of GATA3 and RORC transcripts in blood ILC2s upon culture for 7 days with IL-2, IL-33 and TSLP in the presence of vehicle; or IL-2, IL-1β, IL-23 in the presence of VD3 or vehicle control (n = 3–6). Data are presented as individual values with mean of two to four independent experiments (b, c, e, f). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 as determined by one way ANOVA or Student’s t test. Source data
