Fig. 4

PEC performance and electrochemical characterizations. a EIS Nyquist plots measured at 0.6 V vs RHE in KPi electrolyte (pH = 7.1) under AM 1.5 illumination, b Delay of the cathodic photocurrent curves measured at 0.2 V vs RHE in KPi electrolyte (pH = 7.1) under AM 1.5 illumination, c Charge storage capability against applied bias for both NiOOH/BiVO4 and NiOOH/BP/BiVO4 photoanodes. d Chopped J–V curves of CoOOH/BP/BiVO4 and MnOx/BP/BiVO4 photoanodes in KPi electrolyte (pH = 7.1) under AM 1.5 illumination