Fig. 1

LND and Mito-LND structures and effects on proliferation and invasion. a Chemical structures of LND and Mito-LND. b Effect of LND and Mito-LND on the proliferation of human lung cancer cells. H2030BrM3 and A549 cells were treated with LND or Mito-LND. Cell proliferation was monitored in real-time with the continuous presence of indicated treatments until the end of each experiment. Dose response of LND and Mito-LND on cell confluence kinetics are shown in Fig. S4. The cell confluence (as control groups reach 98% confluency) is plotted against concentration. Dashed lines represent the fitting curves used to determine the IC₅₀ values as indicated. c, d Effect of LND and Mito-LND on the invasion of brain metastatic human lung cancer cells. Representative figures from the transwell assay (H2030BrM3 and A549 cells) are shown in the left panels and quantitative analysis of the transwell data in the right panels. Data are presented as the means ± SEM. t test versus control: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01